crypto: fix crypto.verify callback invocation with a private keyobject

fixes https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/37794

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37795
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>

src/crypto/crypto_sig.cc

@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ bool SignTraits::DeriveBits(
       }
       break;
     case SignConfiguration::kVerify:
-      CHECK_EQ(params.key->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypePublic);
+      CHECK_NE(params.key->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypeSecret);
       if (!EVP_DigestVerifyInit(
               context.get(),
               &ctx,

test/parallel/test-crypto-async-sign-verify.js

@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ function test(
     }));
   }
 
-  for (const key of [publicPem, publicKey, publicDer]) {
+  const verifyInputs = [
+    publicPem, publicKey, publicDer, privatePem, privateKey, privateDer];
+  for (const key of verifyInputs) {
     crypto.verify(algorithm, data, key, expected, common.mustSucceed(
       (verified) => assert.strictEqual(verified, true)));